寻求企业持续竞争优势的源泉——组织场域观下的战略决策分析

Organizational Fields-Based Analysis of Strategic Decision-making

探求企业持续竞争优势的源泉是战略管理研究的永恒主题,在评述现有相关文献(产业结构观和资源基础观)的基础上,结合组织理论的研究成果提出了一种研究持续竞争优势的新视角——组织场域观。组织场域不但为分析企业战略决策行为提供了具体的情景脉络,而且也可以对企业“战略-环境”的相互构建和嵌套过程进行动态揭示和展现。一方面,通过具体分析企业的战略行为:识别资源、动员资源、获取资源和运作资源的动态过程,结合组织场域理论和分析方法对企业各战略行动的理性和逻辑进行了深入分析,并在此基础上提出企业实际战略决策是一种相机决策过程;另一方面,通过对企业战略行为的“共时性”和“历时性”的过程性分析,企业竞争优势的源泉也就其义自现了。

Exploring the sources of sustainable competitive advantages for enterprises is an eternal theme for strategic management studies. On the basis of a review of relative literature （Industrial structure and resource dependence theories）, the organizational field perspective on studying the sustainable competitive advantages was proposed by integrating findings of organization theory. The organizational field can provide the concrete situations for enterprises＇ strategic decision-making actions, and dynamically reveal and demonstrate the process of inter-building and being interconnected between strategies and environments. The companies＇ strategic actions as the dynamic process of identifying, motivating, acquiring, and operating resources were analyzed. The rationality of enterprise＇ strategic actions and its logic were deeply analyzed by integrating the organizational field theory with the analytical methods. On the basis of the above analyses, it showed that the enterprises＇ strategic decision-makings was instantaneous process of decision making, including three decision-making modes multiplicity, cognition and homogeneity. The sources of sustainable competitive advan- tages were derived from synchronical and diachronical analyses.