农业保险性质与农业风险的可保性分析

Insurability Analysis on Agriculture Insurance Character and Agriculture Risk

世界各国的农业保险，尤其是纯商业化经营的农业保险普遍都面临着大量难题和经营困境，除了有多种现实的原因外，农业保险内在性质的特殊性则是其深层次原因。通过对国内外有关农业保险性质的一系列分析，包括不对称信息条件下的逆选择和道德风险、准公共产品特性及供给和消费的外部性特征等，认为农业保险经营确实存在某种程度的市场失灵，但过分夸大其市场失灵并将其作为农业保险经营困境的理论解释则缺乏经济学依据。笔者从风险管理和保险理论的角度，详细分析了农业风险的可保性，认为农业风险的可保性较弱是农业保险经营困境的重要原因，并提出了增强可保性，有效规避和减少市场失灵及弱可保性的措施。

Agriculture insurance, especially commercial agriculture insurance of every country in the world are generally facing with a great lot business and management difficulties. Besides all kinds of practical problems, the intrinisic characteristics are the deep-seated reasons. Based on analysis of demostic and foreign theories and viewpoints about agriculture insurance,including adverse selection and moral hazard under asymmetric information situation, the characteristic of quasi-public goods and the external features of supply and consumption, this article conludes that there is some degree market failure in agTicalture insurance. But there is not enough economic basis forus to excessively exaggerate the degree of market failure and take it as the theoretical reason to the business and management difficulties of agriculture insurance. After careful analysis of insurability of agriculture insurance from perspective of risk management and insurance theory, the author thought that the inferior insurability of agriculture insurance is the most improtant reason to the above difficulties. At the same time the author find the way to boost up its insurability and the effective way to elude and reduce market failure and inferior insurability.