论集体主义与个人主义(I-C)文化对商业道德决策过程的影响

The Impact of Collectivism and Individualism on Business Ethical Decision Process

商业道德的文化因素已经引起了来自商业界,尤其是跨国公司经营者和国际贸易者的广泛关注。文化价值差异性影响着人们对可接受行为的看法,并且影响到道德伦理的决策过程。为了加深对文化影响商业道德行为的理解,我们探讨了个人主义和集体主义(I-C)文化对道德决策过程的可能影响。通过分析我们认为个人主义和集体主义(I-C)文化对道德规范判断与道德选择的敏感性产生影响,而个人主义者的规范判断、道德选择以及道德行为与集体主义者大不相同。由于个人主义和集体主义(I-C)对道德问题确认与规范判断的影响可以被道德模式结构所控制,因此,个人主义和集体主义(I-C)文化可通过直接的和间接的途径影响着商业道德的决策过程。

The cultural dimension of business ethics has drawn considerable attention from marketers, especially from multinational and transnational marketers. Differences in cultural values affect perception of acceptable behavior and consequently influence the ethical decision process. To further our understanding of the impact of culture on ethical behavior, the current study examines ways in which individualism and collectivism may affect ethical decision. This paper proposes that individualism and collectivism, as a cultural dimension, can affect one＇s sensitivity to ethical problems, prescriptive reasoning, and deliberative reasoning, Consequently, individualists differ from collectivists in their prescriptive judgment, moral choice, and behavior. The impact of individualism/collectivism on ethical problem identification and moral judgment may be mediated by structure of moral development and moral schemas. Thus, individualism/collectivism can impact moral decision process through direct and indirect routes.