哲学视域中黄老道家的理政之术

The Tactics of Handling Governmental Affairs by Taoist School of Huang-Lao——A philosophical Perspective

形成于战国时期的黄老道家,以其基于自觉的天人无隔的整体大宇宙意识下的强烈家国天下之情怀,创造性地成功诠释、转化了老子的“自然无为”理念,推出了高标自然而然的终极最高价值的“无为”、“贵因”的理政之术。“无为”昭示了治世理政上的“不干涉主义”;“贵因”则倡言君王遥契道而包容所有人,涵纳其一切个性,真切看重并善于因顺和凭借臣下及众民的智慧、才能和力量,以圆满完成治国平天下的大业。由此昭示出黄老道家既不同于老子“自然的理想主义”、又不同于正统儒家“道德的理想主义”的可贵理性、现实性品格,至今仍有不可低估的借鉴价值与意义。

The Taoist school of Huang-Lao, formed in the Warring States Period, took a new academic view on Lao Tzu＇s idea of ＂nature＂ and ＂inaction＂ , and put forward the tactics of handling governmental affairs, i. e. ＂letting things take their own course＂ and ＂treasuring in relying on things＂. ＂Letting things take their own course＂ means ＂non-intervention＂ in dealing with the governmental affairs; ＂treasuring in relying on things＂ , suggests that the monarch should learn to follow and depend on the wisdom, ability and strength of the subjects to accomplish the cause of managing the country and creating a peaceful world. The tactics fully embodies the valuable characters of rationality and reality of the Taoist school of Huang-Lao, Which is different either from the ＂natural idealism＂ of Lao Tzu or from the ＂moral idealism＂ of orthodox Confucianism.