莫索湾绿洲鼠类群落结构研究

Study on the Structure of Rodent Communities in the Mosuowan Oasis

采用聚类分析方法,对莫索湾绿洲的鼠类群落进行分析。结果表明,该地区的鼠类可划分为6个群落类型:Ⅰ.以大沙鼠+子午沙鼠为主的梭梭荒漠鼠类群落;Ⅱ.以红尾沙鼠+子午沙鼠+小五趾跳鼠为主的生态防护林鼠类群落;Ⅲ.以柽柳沙鼠+红尾沙鼠为主的棉花田鼠类群落;Ⅳ.以小林姬鼠+柽柳沙鼠+小家鼠为主的草地鼠类群落;Ⅴ.以小家鼠+根田鼠为主的麦田鼠类群落;Ⅵ.以褐家鼠+灰仓鼠+小家鼠为主的居民区鼠类群落。6种群落相异程度极大(I≤0.305 1),且由无人干扰的原生梭梭荒漠到干扰强度最大的居民区,呈连续过渡排列。群落多样性指数(H)以群落Ⅵ最高(1.27),群落Ⅲ最低(0.96),均匀度指数(E)以居民区和农田类人工景观较高(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ均大于等于0.6)。

According to the sampling data collected at Xinjiang Mosuowan Ecological Observation Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2004, in this paper the structure of rodent communities in the artificial desert oasis is researched by the means of the cluster analysis method. The results show that the rodent communities in this area can be divided into 6 types： Ⅰ. The rodent community dominated by Rhornlomys opirnus and Meriones meridianus inhabiting in deserts of Halaxylon arnrnodendron; Ⅱ. The rodent community dominated by M. erythrourus, M. rneridianus and A. elate inhabiting in ecological shelter-forests; Ⅲ. The rodent community dominated by M. tarnariscinus and M. erythrourus inhabiting in cotton fields; Ⅳ. The rodent community dominated by M. sylvaticus, M. tarnariscinus and M. rnusculu inhabiting in pasture fields; Ⅴ. The rodent community dominated by M. rnusculu and R. norvegicus inhabiting in wheat fields; Ⅵ. The rodent community dominated by R. norvegicus, Cricetidae and M. rnuscul inhabiting in residential areas. The dissimilarity among the 6 rodent communities is great （I≤0.305 1）, and these communities are in a succession from the rodent community dominated by Rhomlomys opimus and Meriones meridianus inhabiting in deserts of Haloxylon arnmodendron without human disturbance to the rodent community dominated by R. norvegicus, Cricetidae and M. muscul inhabiting in residential areas with the most serious human disturbance. The diversity index （H） of the community Ⅵ is the highest （1.274 3）, and that of the community Ⅲ is the lowest （0.955 1）, and the uniformity index （E） of the rodent communities inhabiting in artificial landscapes, such as residential areas and farmlands （Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ, ≥0.6）, is higher than that inhabiting in natural habitats.