调控畜禽繁殖的激素免疫技术

Advance in Immuno-endocrine Manipulation of Reprodutivy in Animal and Poultry

回顾近30年来国内外畜禽生殖活动的内分泌免疫调控技术的发展,从早期的免疫类固醇激素和抑制素使动物提前进入初情期,促进更多的卵泡发育和提高排卵数,对公畜则提高其精子生成数量;到现在根据携带Inverdale基因母羊具有高繁殖力的原理发展的免疫BMP15或GDF9提高羊排卵数和产羔数的技术。对禽类免疫催乳素或免疫血管活性肠肽VIP抑制催乳素的分泌,可以解决易就巢禽类的就巢性,提高其产蛋性能。而免疫促性腺素释放激素则可以抑制性腺的发育进行“免疫去势”,提高畜禽的生长速度、瘦肉率、饲料报酬并改善肉质。今后内分泌免疫调控技术的研究应该开发具有更高免疫原性的新型基因工程疫苗和简单实用的免疫程序,以便更好地应用于生产实际。

This paper reviewed the developments over the last 30 plus years in immuno-endocrine manipulation of reproductive activities in animals and poultry. In animals, it discussed the early techniques of immunization against ovarian steroid hormones and inhibin in advancing puberty, increasing ovulation rates and litter size in females and sperm production in males. The recent advances in increased lambing rate in Inverdale gene carriers were also included with mentioning of immunization against BMP15 or GDF9 for the purpose of developing new techniques to improve fecundity in sheep. In poultry, immunization against VIP and or prolactin suppressed development of broodiness, this and immunization against inhibin might increase laying performance in certain lines of fowls. Immunization against GnRH has been reported to inhibit gonadal activity, increase growth rate, lean rate, meat quality and feed conversion. Based on the above aspects of reproductive manipulation, it is pointed that in future, novel vaccines of genetic engineering origin with high immunogenecity should be developed in order to apply the immono-endocrine manipulation techniques in practical production.