纳米Sb_2O_3/云母阻燃微粉的制备及其阻燃机理

Preparation of Sb_2O_3/Mica Nanoparticles and Flame Retardant Principle

以三氯化锑和片状云母为原料,通过醇解、水解反应,表面活性剂处理,制备了纳米Sb2O3/云母阻燃微粉.用TEM表征了纳米Sb2O3/云母的形貌及其在云母表面的组装行为,利用XRD研究了不同煅烧温度对氧化锑形态的影响,利用燃烧法研究了纳米Sb2O3/云母复合微粒的阻燃性能,探讨了阻燃机理.结果表明,当云母的质量分数为5%,煅烧温度为400℃时,制备的纳米Sb2O3/云母纯度较高,阻燃性能优异;Sb2O3均匀地组装在云母上,在组装过程中不易团聚,Sb2O3的平均粒径约为5 nm.纳米Sb2O3/云母和氯化石蜡协同体系的阻燃机理包括自由基捕获机理和物理作用.在高温下纳米Sb2O3与氯化石蜡分解产生的氯化氢反应生成SbC l3,SbC l3在燃烧区内发生分解,可捕获气相中维持聚合物燃烧链式反应的活泼自由基,使得链反应终止.物理作用包括隔热、隔氧、降低燃烧反应温度等.

In this study the nano-Sb2O3/mica powders were prepared with SbC13 and layered structure mica by the alcoholysis,hydrolysis,processing with the surfactants. The morphology and the assembled behavior of the nano-Sb2O3 on the mica were analyzed by means of TEM. The effects of different drying temperature on the styles of antimony oxide were studied by XRD, The flame retardant properties and mechanism of nano-Sb2O3/mica complex were researched by combustion test. The results show that when mass percentage is 5% and drying temperature is 400℃ ,the Sb2O3/mica nanoparticles appear excellent flame retardant properties. The Sb2O3 nanoparticles are assembled uniformly onto the mica substrates with 5nm size. The flame retardant mechanism of the nano-Sb2O3/mica complexes and chlorinated paraffin coordinated system include capturingradicals.and physical functions. In high temperature, the Sb2O3 nanoparticles reacting with hydrochloride separated by chlorinated paraffin produce SbCl3 that can separate in burning area. The separated production can capture active radicals that maintain burning actions of polymers and end burning actions. The physical functions include separating heat, cutting off oxygen and decreasing burning reaction temperature.