壳聚糖、桑叶与决明子提取物对大鼠体脂、血脂与血糖的影响

Effects of chitosan and extracts of Folium Mori and Semen Cassiae on the body lipid, blood lipid and blood glucose in rats

目的:探讨壳聚糖、桑叶提取物及河原决明子提取物单用和联用对大鼠体质量、内脏脂肪质量以及降低血脂、血糖水平的影响。方法:实验于2003-10/11在大连医科大学中日合作医药科学研究所完成。选择4周龄雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为6组,壳聚糖组、桑叶提取物组、决明子提取物组、混合组、高脂饲料对照组和基础饲料对照组各8只。基础饲料对照组大鼠喂饲基础饲料,其他组大鼠均喂饲高脂饲料膳食(77.5%基础饲料、2%胆固醇、0.5%胆酸钠、15%猪油和5%蛋黄)。壳聚糖组、桑叶提取物组、决明子提取物组及混合组大鼠经灌胃分别给予壳聚糖100mg/kg、桑叶提取物25mg/kg、决明子提取物100mg/kg及壳聚糖+桑叶提取物+河原决明提取物225mg(100mg壳聚糖+25mg桑叶提取物+100mg决明子提取物)/kg。高脂饲料对照组和基础饲料对照组灌胃给予蒸馏水,灌胃容积为20mL/kg,1次/d。各组大鼠均喂饲4周,每周称量1次体质量。在第4周末,检测粪便中脂肪含量采用乙醚提取法定量,测定血清三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、血尿素氮及肌酐均采用酶促方法定量。血清游离脂肪酸及丙二醛分别采用铜试剂法和硫代巴比妥酸反应法。乙醚麻醉后剖取肝、肾、心脏及生殖器周围脂肪组织,并称重。结果:48只大鼠全部进入结果分析,无脱失。①各组大鼠体质量及增重:喂饲4周后,壳聚糖组、桑叶提取物组、决明子提取物组及混合组大鼠体质量及其增重明显低于高脂饲料对照组(P<0.05)。②各组大鼠脏器及生殖器周围脂肪组织质量及相对质量:喂饲4周后,各受试物单用组大鼠肝脏质量及生殖器周围脂肪质量明显低于高脂饲料对照组(P<0.01);混合组大鼠肝脏质量明显低于桑叶提取物组(P<0.05),而生殖器周围脂肪质量明显低于壳聚糖组及决明子提取物组(P<0.05)。③各组大鼠血液生化指标:喂饲4周后,各受试物单用组及混合组大鼠三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血糖浓度明显低于高脂饲料对照组(P<0.05～0.01);混合组大鼠三酰甘油浓度显著低于单用组(P<0.05),而混合组胆固醇浓度明显低于壳聚糖及桑叶提取物组(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度明显低于桑叶提取物组(P<0.05)。④各组大鼠粪便中脂肪质量:喂饲4周后,壳聚糖组、桑叶提取物组、决明子提取物组、混合组及高脂饲料对照组大鼠粪便中脂肪含量均明显高于基础饲料对照组(P<0.01)。结论:壳聚糖、桑叶提取物或决明子提取物均可减轻大鼠的体质量与内脏脂肪质量,并可降低血脂与血糖,但联合应用的效果更好。

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of chitusan and extracts of leaves of Folium Mori and Semen Cassiae alone and in combination on the body mass, visceral fat mass and the in decreasing blood lipids and blood glucose in rats. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Sino-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian Medical University from October to November 2003. Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawly rats of 4 weeks old were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group： chitusan group, Folium Mori extract group, Semen Cassiae extract group, combination group, high-fat diet control group and common diet group. Rats in the common forage group were fed with basic diet, and those in the remainder groups were fed with high fat diet containing cholesterol （2%）, sodium cholate （0.5%）, lard （15%） and egg yolk （5%）. Rats in the chitosan group, Folium Mori extract group, Semen Cassiae extract group, combination group were treated by gastric perfusions of chitosan （100 mg/kg）, Folium Mori extract （25 mg/kg） and Semen Cassiae extract （100 mg/kg） and the combination of them [（100 mg chitosan＋25 mg Folium Mori extract＋100 mg Semen Cassiae extract）/kg] respectively for 4 weeks, and rats in the two control groups were given gastric perfusion of distilled water （20 mL/kg）, once a day for 4 weeks. The body mass was weighed once every week. At the end of the 4th week, the content of fat in stool was detected with ethoxyethane extraction, the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, glucose, and the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase, and the contents of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were detected; The contents of free fatty acid and malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum were detected with copper reagent method and thiobarbituric acid respectively. The liver, kidney, heart and fat around genital organ were removed and weighed. RESULTS： All the 48 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Body mass and increased body mass in the groups： After 4- week treatment, the body mass and increased body mass in the chitusan group, Folium Morl extract group, Semen Cassiae extract group and combination group were obviously lower than those in the high-fat diet control group （P 〈 0.05）. ② The masses of fatty tissues around liver and genital organ and the relative mass in the groups： After 4-week treatment, the masses of fatty tissues around liver and genital organ were obviously lower in the alone groups than in the high-fat diet control group （P 〈 0.01）, the liver mass was obviously lower in the combination group than in the Folium Mori extract group （P 〈 0.05）, the fatty mass around genital organ was obviously lower in the combination group than in the chitosan group and Semen Cassioe extract group （P 〈 0.05）. ③ Biochemical indexes in blood of rats in the groups： After 4-week treatment, the concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C and blood glucose in the alone groups were obviously lower than those in the high-fat diet control group （P 〈 0.05- 0.01）. The concentration of triglyceride in the combination group was significantly lower than those in the alone groups （P 〈 0.05）, but the concentration of cholesterol in the combination group was obviously lower than those in the chitosan group and Folium Mori extract group （P 〈 0.01）, LDL-C concentration was markedly lower than that in the Folium Mori extract group （P 〈 0.05）. ④ The fatty mass in stool of rats in the groups： After 4-week treatment, the fatty content in stool was obviously higher in the chitosan group, Folium Mori extract group, Semen Cassiae extract group, combination group and high-fat diet control group than in the common diet group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Chitosan, Folium Mori extract and Semen Cassiae extract can reduce the body mass and visceral fat mass of rats, also can lower the blood lipids and blood glucose, and efficacy of their combination is more obvious.