前言——季风研究中的一些新问题和新方法

Some New Problems and New Methods in the Monsoon Study—An Introduction to the Special Issue

作者对本专辑文章做了综述。第一篇文章报道并考证我们惊喜地发现了世界上最早的关于季风的文献,它是公元前23至前22世纪的帝舜《南风》歌,该歌对东亚夏季风的性状及其对社会民生的影响做出简明深刻的说明。其余文章探讨了季风研究中的一些新问题和新方法以及我们得到的一些新结果。包括3个方面:(1)关于季风的气候问题,如季风定义、季风指数、季风建立日期的确定、季风三维空间结构和时间演变、年际和年代际变化及其刻画等;(2)亚澳季风区的一些灾害性天气系统和过程,如我国、南亚、东南亚的暴雨,以及和越赤道气流相关联的扰动等;(3)对大气环流模式的改进和预报、预测方法的改进。如辐射、云、地表过程的计算改进和气候预测订正方法的更新等。

It is a review of the articles in the special issue. The first paper is devoted to the history of ancient understanding of monsoon. We discovered the King Shun＇s poem ＂Southerly wind＂ singing in King Shun Dynasty （23th-22th centuries B.C.） in China. This is the first literature in the world on the monsoon. The poem very compactly, clearly and deeply describes the major characteristics of Asian summer monsoon and their essential impacts on the people life and society. The other articles deal with some new problems and new methods in the monsoon study and report some our new results in the following aspects： （1） Climatology of monsoon, including monsoon definition, monsoon index, the monsoon onset day, three dimensional structure of monsoon and its temporal evolution, inter-annual and inter-decadal variations and their presentions; （2） Some disastrous weather systems and processes in Asia-Australian monsoon area, for example, the heavy rainfalls in China, South Asia and Southeast Asia, also the strong disturbances associated with the crossing equator current; （3） Improvement of the atmospheric general circulation models and prediction methods, including the calculation of radiation, cloud, land surface processes in the models and the correction methods for climate prediction.