寄生蜂28S rDNA D2区序列及其分子系统学研究

Parasitoids 28S Ribosomal DNA D2 Region Sequences and Their Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis

对棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideaeUchida、腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulumBrischke和麦蚜茧蜂Ephedrus plagia-tor(Nees)3种寄生蜂28S rDNA D2区序列进行了聚合酶链式反应(PCR),检索了GenBank核酸序列库中姬蜂总科和小蜂总科的其它26种寄生蜂的相应序列,利用29种寄生蜂及2种弹尾目昆虫28S rDNA D2区序列对寄生蜂进行了系统进化分析.结果表明,3种寄生蜂28S rDNA D2区序列与同一亚科的其他种相似性达90%以上.3种寄生蜂中,腰带长体茧蜂和麦蚜茧蜂与弹尾目昆虫的遗传距离较远,是较进化的种类;棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂与弹尾目昆虫的遗传距离较近,是较早分化的种类.29种寄生蜂系统进化分析表明,茧蜂科的蚜茧蜂亚科和长体茧蜂亚科处于同一分化地位,但有明显分化;小蜂总科与姬蜂科处于同一分化地位,比茧蜂科分化晚.

The D2 region of 28S rDNA gene of Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke and Ephedrus plagiator （Nees）were amplified through polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and sequenced directly with automatic DNA sequencer respectively. The analysis of phylogenetic tree was made according to the three sequences. Other 26 species of hymenopterous parasitoids and 2 species of Collembola as outgroup were selected from Genbank in order to make the analysis of 29 parasitoids phylogenetic tree. The results show that, in the 3 parasitoids, there is the closest heredity distance between Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke and Ephedrus plagiator （Nees）, there is short heredity distance between Campoletis chlorideae Uchida and Collembola. Campoletis chlorideae Uchida was an original clade. The heredity distance is long between Collembola and Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke, Ephedrus plagiator （Nees）, which indicates that these two groups are more evolutive than Campoletis chlorideae Uchida. Phylogenetic analysis of 29 species parasitic wasps showed that Braconidae Aphidiinae and Braconidae Macrocentrinae was an equivalent clade, Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonidae was an equivalent clade, and more evolutive than Braconidae.