城乡社区居民慢性病流行现状及危险因素研究

A Study on Epidemic Status and Risk Factors of the Leading Chronic Diseases in the Residents of Urban and Rural Communities in Zhejiang Province

目的了解城乡社区居民主要慢性病流行特点及危险因素。方法选择城乡2个社区,对7417名35岁及以上常住居民进行主要慢性病流行病学调查。采用单因素和多因素logistie回归分析方法,进行危险因素分析。结果城乡社区居民5种慢性病总患病率比较有显著性差异(χ2=304.22 P<0.01)。患病率以高血压为最高(29.1%),其它依次为冠心病(6.6%),糖尿病(6.1%),恶性肿瘤(1.6%),脑卒中(1.3%)。慢病患病率随年龄增加而上升,男女患病率不同,不同文化程度的社区居民患病率也不同。慢性病家族史、恶性肿瘤史、高血压史、超重、年龄为城市社区人群危险因素(OR值分别为3.99、1.96、1.89、1.06、1.04);糖尿病家族史、高血压史、海产品摄入多、肥胖、年龄为农村危险因素(OR值分别为2.33、1.80、1.48、1.21、1.11、1.03);水果摄入多为城乡社区人群保护因素。结论控制体重、高血压、倡导合理膳食、加强体育锻炼是社区预防控制慢性病的重要措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of the leading chronic diseases in the residents of urban and rural communities. Methods Each of 7417 subjects aged over 35 from 2 communities was given an epidemiological investigation about prevalence status of the leading chronic diseases. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the risk factors. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence rates of five kinds of chronic diseases between urban residents and rural residents. The prevalence rate of hypertension was the highest, which was 29.14 %, and those of coronary artery disease, diabetes, malignant tumors and stroke were 6.59%, 6.09%, 1.58% and 1,33%, respectively. Family histories of chronic diseases, histories of malignant tumors and hypertension, overweight and age were the risk factors in urban residents （the OR values equaled 3.99, 1,96, 1.89, 1.06 and 1.04 respectively）, Family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, eating too much seafood, obesity and age were the risk factors in rural residents （the OR values equaled 2.33, 1.80, 1.48, 1.21, 1,11 and 1.03, respectively）. Taking more fruits was a protective factor in urban residents, Conclusion Weight control, hypertension prevention, balance diet and exercises are the main treatments to prevent chronic diseases in communities.