低输量下含蜡热油管道的优化运行研究

Optimization Running Research of Heated Waxy Crude Oil Pipelines Under the Low Flow Rate

我国东北含蜡原油管道低输量运行问题日益突出,管道结蜡问题变得愈来愈严重。含蜡原油管道输送成本主要由动力消耗和燃料消耗两项组成。蜡层厚度增大,使得动力消耗增大,燃料消耗减少。在保证安全运行的前提下,管壁留有一定的余蜡厚度对经济运行有利。建立以单位运行能耗费用最低作为管道经济运行的目标函数,以余蜡厚度、清蜡周期为决策变量的经济运行模型并用数值方法求解。用所建立的模型指导现场实际运行有较好的经济效益,该公式适合低输量下高含蜡原油管道的清蜡周期和余蜡厚度计算。

Running of low flow rate in waxy crude oil pipeline in northeast China is facing a severe problem and wax gathering in pipelines is more and more serious. The transportation cost of waxy crude oil pipeline consists of power and furl consumption. If the wax layer becomes thick, the cost of power consumption will be increased and the cost of fuel consumption will be decreased. On the premise of guaranteeing safe running, it is advantageous for pipeline that there is a wax layer in the wall of pipe for running economically. Taking the minimum expense of unit running energy as objective function of pipeline running, an economical running model that remnant wax thickness and the period of removing the wax were decisive variables was established and solved by numerical calculation. The economical benefit is preferable when the model is used in the practice. The formula suits to calculate the period of removing the wax and thickness of remnant wax laver in the pipeline of waxy etude oil and low flow rate.