新疆平原区水资源开发利用对生态环境的影响

Effect of water resources exploitation and utilization on ecological environment of Xinjiang plain region

综述了新疆平原地区水资源开发利用不当引起的灌区内土壤盐渍化、灌区外大河与湖泊干涸、土地沙化、植被退化以及水质恶化等生态环境问题。并从水资源开发利用角度提出了防治生态环境劣变的基本对策:①降低地下水位,预防和消除土壤次生盐渍化;②建立有实权的流域水资源管理机构;③开源节流,以节流为重,建立节水型社会;④开展全疆补充性的地方病环境水文地质调查研究工作。

Based on the characteristics of water resources in Xinjiang plain region, the ecological environment problems caused by unreasonable exploitation and utilization of water resources were pointed out, such as soil salinization in irrigation area, river and lake drying up, land desertification, vegetation regression, and water quality deterioration. In order to prevent the deterioration of ecological environment, countermeasures from the aspect of water resources exploitation and utilization were proposed as following： to reduce groundwater table for preventing and eliminating soil salinization; to establish a powerful drainage basin management organization; to establish water-saving society; to carry on the additional investigation and study on environmental hydrogeology related to endemic disease.