河流生命危机与河流伦理构建

Crises of river life and formation of river ethics

从哲学的观点看,河流具有生命。人类与河流关系的发展经历了原始文明、农耕文明、工业文明、生态文明四个时期。在当前河流生命危机时期,需要构建河流伦理观。河流作为道德主体,具有完整性权利、连续性权利、清洁性权利、用水权利、造物权利。人类对河流的道德义务应通过尊重性、整体性、保护性、评价性、补偿性等原则来实现。河流立法有助于促进人们河流伦理水平的提高。构建河流伦理是“维持黄河健康生命”治河新理念的组成部分,其创新意义在于扩大了道德共同体的边界,改变了人在自然中的地位,确定了新的价值尺度。

A river has life from the viewpoint of philosophy. The development of relationship of human being with river experienced four periods of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization. At the current crisis stage of river life, river ethics theory should be established. Taking fiver as the principal part of morality, river has rights of completion, continuity, clean, water use and creating lives. The moral obligation of human being should be realized by following the criteria of respective, keeping entirety, protection, assessment and compensation. River legislation is beneficial for enhancing moral level of human being. The formation of river ethics is an essential part of new fiver management concept of “sustaining health life of the Yellow River”. It has creative meaning of broadening the boundary of ethics community, changing the position of human being in nature and defining a new value yardstick.