二十世纪中国旧体诗词的合法性和现代性

Raison d'tre and Modernity of the Old Style Shi and Ci Poetry in the 20^(th) Century China

长期以来,20世纪中国旧体诗词的合法性处于被怀疑、否定或悬置的状态,致使它被摒弃在文学研究和文学史写作之外,从而造成一部分文学精神资源的人为遮蔽。有研究者怀疑和否定旧体诗词的合法性,有研究者没有对传统文体在古代与现代社会的命运和表现加以区别。要改变对旧体诗词的歧视和压迫,首先需要理解其合理性,也有必要重新厘定“现代文学”的范畴,用“现代汉诗”这一概念来整合20世纪中国诗歌,消弭新、旧诗词的对抗和对立。20世纪中国旧体诗词表现了鲜明的现代性追求,自足地构成一种新的历史传统。在新的世纪,必须打破新、旧诗词二元对立的模式,把旧体诗词作为中华民族在新的历史时期创造的文化成果进行研究,既有助于旧体诗词的发展,又有助于文学和文化观念的改进。

The raison d'être of the old style shi and ci poetry has long been questioned, rejected and suspended in 20~th century China, so much so that the style has been excluded from literary studies and literary history. A part of literary intellectual resources thus lay unused. Some researchers question and reject the raison d'être of the old style shi and ci poems; some failed to see the function and expression of this traditional genre in modern society. To change such a situation, we must understand the reasonable nature of the old style shi and ci poems in the first place. It is also necessary to redefine the domain of“modern literature,”to integrate 20~th century Chinese poetry under the head of“modern poetry in Chinese”so as to eradicate the confrontation and opposition of the old and the new styles. The old style poems composed in the 20~th century showed a prominent tendency towards modernity and hence stood on its own feet as a new tradition. In the new century, the dichotomy of the new and the old style poems should be broken, and the old style poems should be studied as cultural products of the Chinese nation created in the new historical period. That will promote not only the development of the writing of old style poetry, but also that of literature and the view of culture.