索绪尔早期对历史比较语言学的批判与继承

Saussure's Criticism and Inheritance of Historical Comparative Lingistics in the Early Period

索绪尔的结构主义语言学理论是在继承和批判历史比较语言学的基础上建立起来的。索绪尔对历史比较语言学的批判继承主要体现在他早期,即青年时代运用共变音理论研究了原始印欧语的元音系统,借此把历史比较语言学的比较构拟法改造成内部构拟法,使语言学研究由历时的比较转向共时的比较,由变化或交替规律的研究转向系统结构的研究。

Saussure＇s structural linguistics theory is based on inheriting and criticizing historical comparative linguistics, and is mainly embodied in his youth. Namely, he used common shift theory to research the vowel system of proto--Indio--European. He changed the comparative reconstruction method of historical comparative linguistics into internal reconstruction, so that linguistics studies turned from diaehronie comparison to synchronic comparison, from the research of changes or regular alterations to the research of systematic structure.