徽州世家大族促进宗族和谐和发展的措施

On Measures of Promoting Harmonious Development of Their Clan Taken by Huizhou Old and Well-known Families

以朱子学为宗的徽州世家大族为了促进宗族和谐和宗族发展,在16方面采取了重要措施:1.敦伦孝悌,2.增进亲情,3.救灾济贫,4.扶孤恤寡,5.提倡节俭,6.管教游闲,7.反对争讼,8.禁止迷信,9.打击赌博,10.防范盗窃,11.尊敬耆老,12.勤奋创业,13.彰善瘅恶,14.发展教育,15.和睦邻里,16.封山育林。因此,家庭成员之间、人与社会之间、人与自然之间一些矛盾缓和了,但是问题依然存在。徽州世家大族促进宗族和谐和宗族发展的一些措施,不仅产生了一定社会历史作用,具有一定社会历史价值,而且还或多或少具有一定的借鉴意义。

For the harmony and development of their clan, Huizhou old and well-known families, which follows Zhuzi school of thought, took significant measures from the following 16 perspectives： 1. to be honest and sincere and to possess filial piety; 2. to promote family relationship; 3. to provide disaster relief and to help the poor; 4. to foster the orphaned and show solicitude for the widowed; 5. to advance frugality; 6. to educate the dawdlers; 7. to oppose disputes; 8. to forbid superstition; 9. to curb gambling; 10. to prevent theft; 11. to respect the old; 12. to initiate one＇ s own business industrially; 13. to praise the good and chide the evil; 14. to develop education; 15. to get on well with your neighbours; 16. to seal mountain passes and preserve the woods. Accordingly, conflicts between family members, between individuals and society as well as between man and nature were abated, although there remained problems. Measures taken by Huizhou old and well-known families to promote clan development and clan harmony not only exerted certain social and historical effects and thus had its ＇social and historical values, but, more or less, possessed some referential significance.