哈贝马斯关于基因技术应用的人性论论证

Habermas' Arguments of Human Nature concerning the Applying of Genetic Technology

现代生物工程技术的迅猛发展使人类对自身生命过程的干预和控制成为可能,与此同时也对人的尊严和价值构成了极大的挑战和冲击。在新的情势下,怎样利用技术才能避免伤害,体现尊重人的精神?哈贝马斯从人性论的角度出发,认为每个人只有将自己看作是人类当中的一个平等的成员,是人种当中的一个份子,才能避免对其他生命控制和操纵,才能避免对待他人的工具化态度。只有从人类学的广阔视野出发,变人与人之间的主客体关系为主体间性关系,才能深刻理解生命伦理学尊重原则的哲学基础和人文内涵,从而为技术的道德化使用指明了方向。

Modem biotechnology makes it possible to intervene and control human life, at the same time it challenges human dignity and value greatly. In the new situation, how to use technology in order to avoid harm and irrespect for human beings7 From his view of human nature, Habermas holds that everyone is an equal and free member in human beings. Only in this way,can we refrain from controlling and manipulating other＇s lives, from treating others as merely means. From the anthropological perspective, human being can change subject - object to intersubjectivity relationship and we can deeply understand the philosophical base and humanistic meaning of respect principle in bioethics. This kind of understanding points the direction for using technology morally.