太湖水陆生态交错带景观空间格局研究——以苏州市吴中区为例

Research on the landscape spatial pattern in the Taihu lake-land ecotone——A case study of Wuzhong District of Suzhou City

在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,对2002年Landsat TM图像进行解译,得出苏州市吴中区陆地景观类型图,并利用Fragstats软件,对景观格局进行了定量研究。结果表明,景观类型面积比例分别为:耕地38%、水域23%、林地17%、农村居民点与交通工矿用地13%、城镇用地9%,景观异质性高,景观类型聚集度适中。耕地斑块分维数和结合度分别为1.571 5和99.453 8,斑块形状复杂,连接性好;林地斑块分维数和结合度分别为1.329 3和99.076 2,斑块形状简单,连接性较好;水域斑块密度为每百公顷0.784 5个,破碎程度较大;农村居民点与交通工矿用地斑块密度和结合度分别为每百公顷2.466 5个和95.036 6,斑块破碎程度最大,连接性差;城镇用地斑块边缘密度和结合度分别为6.026 m.hm-2和99.215 3,斑块形状最简单,连接度高。耕地是景观的基质,并受非农化强烈影响。

Based on the landsat TM data and with the help of geographic information system and remote sensing software, the map of landscape pattern in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City was charted. Using the spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats, the land- scape patterns were analyzed by quantitative indicators. The results showed that proportions of cultivated land, water area, woodland, land for rural residents and transportation and industries, urban land were 38%, 23%, 17%, 13%, 9% respectively. Landscape heterogeneity was high, and the contagion of landscape types was moderate. The cultivated land had the highest fractal dimension which was 1. 571 5, and its cohesion was very high which was 99. 453 8. The woodland had the lowest fractal dimension which was 1. 329 3, but its cohesion was higher which was 99. 076 2. The patch density of water area was 0. 784 5 per 100 hectares, its fragmentation was higher. The patch density of land for rural residents and transportation and industries was 2.466 5 per 100 hectares, and the cohesion was 95. 036 6, so that its patch fragmentation was the highest, and the cohesion was very low. Urban land had the lowest edge density which was 6. 026 m ·hm^-2, and its cohesion was higher which was 99. 215 3. The landscape matrix was cultivated land, and which had been impacted intensively by non-agricuhuralization.