有机、无公害和普通茶园蜘蛛群落组成及动态差异

Difference in Dynamic and Structure of Spider Communities in Organic and Non-Pollution and Common Tea Gardens

2002～2003年,每1～2星期1次,对皖南麻姑山区25年生山林间的有机茶园、植被贫乏的无公害茶园和普通茶园的茶丛及地表蜘蛛进行了系统的调查。查得普通茶园蜘蛛6224个体,分属于8科14种;无公害茶园蜘蛛7430个体,分属于8科16种;有机茶园蜘蛛8005个体,分属于12科29种。3类茶园中,3～5月、10～11月蜘蛛的物种数和个体数较多,7月、12月种数和个体数较少。本研究中的普通茶园植被较少,茶园管理稍粗放,滥施化学农药,蜘蛛种数和个体数均为最少。无公害茶园周围植被虽较少,但管理精细,一般根据防治指标施药,蜘蛛种数和个体数多于普通茶园。有机茶园植物相对繁盛,不施药,蜘蛛种数和个体数最多。茶园环境和管理措施对蜘蛛群落的组成有较大影响。

From July of 2002 to July of 2003,at interval of 1-2 weeks,a survey to spiders in the tea clumps and on the ground from organic tea garden ,non-pollution tea garden and common tea garden with twenty-five years was conducted. The records of 6 224 individuals belonged to 14 species of 8 families from common tea garden, 7430 individuals belonged to 16 species of 8 families from non pollution tea garden,and 8 005 individuals belonged to 29 species of 12 families from organic tea garden were made. Within the three types of tea gardens, more species richness and individual abundance emergenned from March to May,October to November;and more less species richness and individual abundance emergenned in July and December. Around the common tea garden the vegetation was scarce ,and the insecticides were irregularly applied, the species richness and abundance were the least. Though the scarce vegetation existed in non-pollution tea garden environment, the species richness and abundance were larger than those in the common tea garden,due to regularly appling pesticides and the fine field practice. Within organic tea garden ecological system, the plant phase flourished, and the chemical control was not adopted, the species richness and abundance were largest. It was supposed that the environments and field practice affect the structure of spider communities.