西方合作经济理念在中国的早期本土化

The Early Localization of the Western Cooperative Economic Thought in China

20世纪初西方合作经济理念与当时以互助进化为核心的社会思想相交融,开始了其在中国的早期本土化用现代性的汉语资源表述西方的合作理念,借助初步中国化的“主义”话语来论证合作制度对中国社会的正当性,视合作制度为中国经济改造的适当工具等。其旨趣在于促成一场社会化的合作运动,改善平民经济,建立合作自治社会。此种理念性因素奠定了政府在推动中国农村经济制度变迁的路径依赖。但是,植根于西方“个人主义”土壤中的合作经济制度,不可能在笃信“集体主义”的中国社会得到很好的生长。合作社组织在20世纪中国的“异化”或多舛命运也足以证明这一点。

The Western cooperative economic thoughts were brought to China as the forms of theories in the early 20th century. They were blended with the social thoughts which were based on the value of mutual aid and equality. At the same time, they began their localization in China. The government made the cooperative movement as the power of the economic institutions in rural areas. But the ability of transition of the economic institution was the function of cultural belief. Because China was based on collectivism,and people were short of independence, the economic institutions of cooperation couldn＇t develop well in China, which was reflected bv the aberrance of the coooerative organization and its unfortunate fate.