狂人疯癫世界与常人文明世界——从《狂人日记》看中国现代性的“逼入历史”的命题

Mad World of the Madman and Civilized World of Normal People——Viewing the Proposition of “Being Compelled to Enter the History” in China’s Modernity through Madman’s Diary

细读鲁迅小说《狂人日记》,考察狂人进入历史的机缘问题以及进入之后的选择问题,即可由此“逼”出它与中国现代性的历史关联。狂人是在常人社会将其视为疯癫之后被逼入自身的历史处境的。正是在现实中的被“吃”,使他真正理解到现实和历史的“吃人”。对“吃人”的发现使他身处二重危机如果他不能及早地获得“罪的自觉”,只以拯救者身份凌驾世界,有可能成为另一意义上的“吃人”者;如果他及早地获得了“罪的自觉”,又有可能在原恕自己的同时原恕了“吃人”,重新成为本来意义上的“吃人”者或被“吃”者。中国现代性从一开始就在疯癫的罪名下与被“吃”者一同被“吃”;狂人所遭遇的二重危机,也正是现代性自身所面临的危机。避免这二重危机的唯一可能性方式,就是要彻底处身于对他人与自身的双重绝望中,从自身的“罪的自觉”中更深刻地体验着一切“吃人”的罪恶,并把“将来是容不得吃人的人”作为其“工作”的最终指向。

According to Lu Xun＇ s story Madman＇ s Diary, that Madman was compelled to enter the historical situation himself with the normal society considering him as mad. This kind of pressure determined the formation of his opinion of the reality and the history： it is the situation of being eaten in the reality that made him understand actually the reality and the history of the “androphagous”. What kind of relation is the particularity of “being compelled to enter the history” to the “entering the history” which we generally sought？ In what sense is this kind of “being compelled” and “non-objectivity”true？ Through reading the text of Madman＇ s Diary,the paper tries to examinethe problem of contingency which made the Madman enter the history, as well as the problem of choice after he had entered ,and therefore pursued its historical association with the modernity of China.