渤海对虾亲体与补充量（SRR）动态特性的研究

TUDY ON DYNAMIC OF STOCK RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP(SRR) OF PENAEID SHRIMP (PENAEUS CHINENSIS) IN THE BOHAI SEA

８０年代以来，渤海对虾的补充量，特别是亲体数量大幅度下降。根据１９８３－１９９４年４月烟威外海对虾亲体资源量指数和渤海秋汛对虾渔获量，按Ｂｅｖｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｈｏｌｔ和Ｒｉｃｋｅｒ模式求得各项参数值，有Ｒ－１ｔ＝３．８６×１０－３＋１．１７×１０－２Ｓ－１ｔＲ２＝０．７４ｐ＜０．００１Ｒｔ＝９０．０５Ｓｔｅ－０．１６２１７ＳｔＲ２＝０．５１ｐ＜０．０１表明：当今渤海对虾亲体对补充量有决定影响，可是８０年代亲体数量的平均值只有６０年代和７０年代的３４．４％和４４．２％；而进入９０年代以来，亲体数量又较８０代下降了２０％。８０年代中期渤海沿岸产卵场的环境条件因对虾养殖业的迅速发展发生了较大变化，养殖面积和单位面积产量大幅度增加。这个新的环境因素对对虾补充量也有一定的影响。渤海对虾亲体数量严重短缺。

Recruitment has considerably fluctuated annually since the early 1960 ’s during the development of penaeid shrimp fishery in autumn. Penaeid shrimp recruitment, especially the spawning stock, has significantly decreased in the Bolhai Sea since the 1980 ’s. The relationship between the stock and recruitment can be well described by Beverton-Holt and Ricker models based on CPUE of the spawning stock and the catch in autumn from 1983-1994 in the Bohai Sea. The formula and parameters are R -1 t=a+bS -1 t, where a=0.0039, b=0.0117, R 2=0.74(p<0.001), R t=catch in fall fishing season and S t=CPUE of the spawning stock. Results indicate that the recruitment was controlled largely by the spawning stock size. There was a considerable decrease of the spawning stock in the 1980 ’s, which was 34.4% and 44.2% to that in 1960 ’s and 1970 ’s respectively. The spawning stock in 1990 ’s decreased by about 20% comparing that in 1980 ’s. Environmental factors on the spawning grounds played less role in SRR model. Further, shrimp farming along the coast of Bohai Sea is a new factor affecting the recruitment since 1980 ’s. The shortage of spawning stock is the main limiting factor in the restoration to the levels of the 1970 ’s. It is difficult to increase the spawning stock in the Bohai Sea, so artificial release of post larvae has become an important way to raise recruitment of penaeid shrimp in the Bohai Sea.