六种鼠苹果酸脱氢酶、血浆蛋白质和血红蛋白的变异分析

ANALYSES ON VARIATION OF MDH, HEMOGLOBIN AND SOME PLASMA PROTEINS FOR SIX MURIDS

本文分析了家鼠属（Ｒａｔｔｕｓ）４种鼠和姬鼠属（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ）２种鼠的苹果酸脱氢酶、血浆中β１区和β２区蛋白质、血浆清蛋白、前清蛋白以及红细胞中血红蛋白的变异。结果表明，ＭＤＨ在进化上是比较保守的，其中ＭＤＨｍ和ＭＤＨｓ２带在各鼠间位于同一泳动线上，仅ＭＤＨｓ１带的泳动速度出现属间和种间的微小差异；血浆中β１区和β２区的蛋白质带、清蛋白带以及前清蛋白带各鼠间出现明显的变异，表现为黑线姬鼠和社鼠在β１区出现２种多态型区带，褐家鼠在β２区也有２种多态型带；各鼠间的血红蛋白变异比较明显，主要表现在区带数和主成分的泳动度显著不同，而且社鼠的Ｈｂ出现３种多态型，黄毛鼠出现２种多态型，其余各鼠的Ｈｂ皆为单态性。上述１６项生化特性按相似和相异进行配对比较，初步表明黄毛鼠与褐家鼠亲缘上比较相近，白腹巨鼠要比其他３种鼠亲缘上更接近于黑线姬鼠，而社鼠与白腹巨鼠之间进化分歧相对地较大。

The MDH isozymes, hemoglobins and some plasma proteins of 4 species of the Rattus genus and 2 species of the Apodemus genus were analysed by means of the vertical slab gel electrophoresis. The results obtained showed that the MDH isozymes were rather conservative in evolution. The MDHm and MDHs2 zones among all species analysed were respectively located to the same migratory line, but the migratory speed of the MDHs 1 zones were different between the species of the two genus. The variations of migratory speed on the zones of albumin, pre-albumin, the proteins in β1 and β2 regions among the species were found. There were 2 polymorphic types in the β1 region of A. αgrarius and R. niviventer ,espectively. There were also 2 polymorphic types in the β2 region of R. norvegicus. It was also found to the variations of the migratory speed and the number of Hb zones among all species analysed. There were 2 Hb polymorphic types for R. rattoides and 3 for R. niviventer. The phenetic analysis with 16 biochemical characters by the pair-group method showed that R. norvegicus was closed to R. rattoides in ally. The R. edwardsi was closer to A. agrarius than the rest 3 species of the Ratus in ally. There were relatively marked divergence between R. ed wardsi and R. niviventer in evolution.