从认知角度看隐喻和转喻的功能差异

A Contrastive Study of the Functions of Metonymy and Metaphor: From the Cognitive Perspective

隐喻和转喻不仅是两种修辞格,而且是人类重要的两种思维方式;同时也是人类认识客观世界的认知方式。两者在修辞、认知、语义及社会功能上都有着区别。隐喻是以事物间的相似联想为心理基础,从一个领域投射到另一个领域的认知方式,其主要功能是对事物的描述;转喻是以事物间的邻近联想为基础,在同一认知域内用突显、易感知、易记忆、易辨认的部分代替整体或整体的其他部分,或用具有完形感知的整体代替部分,其主要功能是对事物的指称。

Metaphor and metonymy are not only figures of speech but also common modes of thinking. These two important phenomena share some fundamental differences as well as similarities in terms of their rhetoric, cognitive, semantic and social functions. Metaphor involves things from two different domains and its creation is based on association by similarity. As metonymy uses a special property of something or the thing＇s special relationship with other things to denote the thing, its major function is to help a hearer recognize the referent and its special characteristics.