小麦抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标及其分析评价

An Analysis and Review of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes about Wheat Drought Resistance Identification

通过对国内外研究结果的收集、整理和分析，得知有２０多项生理、生化指标可用于小麦的抗旱性鉴定。其中，比较可靠的生理指标有干旱条件下的叶片水势、相对含水量、束缚水含量、种子吸水力和发芽率、细胞渗透调节能力、叶片膨压、超弱发光和叶绿素荧光强度、光合与呼吸强度以及离休叶片失水速率、茎叶耐化学脱水性；比较可靠的生化指标有干旱胁迫下的根冠中平衡石淀粉水解速度、叶片中脱落酸的积累量以及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ、ＧＲ、ＡＴＴＰ、蛋白水解酶活性。此外，生理指标中的水分利用效率、水分饱和亏、冠层温度、气孔扩散阻力，生化指标中的脯氨酸积累量和抗氧化剂（如维Ｅ、维Ｃ、类胡萝卜素等）含量，或者由于研究者看法不一致，或者研究报道较少，其可靠性尚难以确定，应慎用或作进一步研究。

Through collection,sorting out and analysis of data, more than 20 kindsof physiological and biochemical indexes were found to have been used in drought resis-tance identification,Among them,leaf water potential,relative water content,bouid wa-ter content,water-absorbing capacity and germination percentage of seeds,permeanateadjustment of cell ability,leaf swelling pressure,super-weak-luminescence,intensity ofchlorophyl fluorescence,intensity of breathing and photosynthesis,water loss rate of ex-cised leaf,tolerance of stem and leaf to chemical dehydration are the reliable physiologi-cal indexes under water stress.At the same time,the reliable biochemical indexes are hy-drolysis speed of statolith in root cap,accumulation of abscisic acid in leaf,activity of SOD,CAT,POD,GR,ATP,protein hydrolytic enzyme,etc.In,addition,water use effi-ciency,water saturation and unsaturation,canopy temperature, resistance of stomatal ex-pansion among the physiological indexes,and the proline accumulation and anti-oxidizercontents(i.e.Vitamine E,Vitamine C and carotenoid)among the biochemical indexes aredifficult to determine since there are different viewpoints on the research or litter re-search on them has been reported so that they must be very careful in using them or theyneed to be further researched。