“亚细亚生产方式”理论假说及其历史定位

″Asia Production Style″theory hypothesis and its historical orientation

“亚细亚生产方式”理论,是马克思、恩格斯探索东方社会(古代中国、印度和俄罗斯)历史发展规律而提出的一种假说。马、恩认为,“亚细亚生产方式”是与农业生产相联系的独特的生产方式,是人类社会历史原生阶段(相当于广义的原始社会)的不可或缺的环节,它具有存在意义上的普遍性。普遍性和特殊性是理解“亚细亚生产方式”的关键,因此,正是依据“亚细亚生产方式”不同历史形式的发展和特征,马、恩对“亚细亚生产方式”作了狭义和广义的两种理解。正确认识“亚细亚生产方式”在东方社会中的历史定位,有助于我们更好地理解前资本主义时期的东方社会,尤其是古代中国社会的历史发展规律性和特殊性,以更好地理解当代中国特色社会主义道路选择的必然性和合理性。

“Asia Production Style” is initiated by Marx and Engels following a kind of hypothesis investigating oriental society, mainly, ancient China, India and Russia. They rate “Asia Production Style” as an original production style connected with agriculture manufacture, which is an indispensable segment within proto-period of human society, and which is similar to “primitive society” in a broad sense, and advertises universality under the scope of existing values. Universality and particularity is vital to “Asia Production Style” , as a result, based on different historical forms＇ development and characteristics, Marx and Engels promote two definitions towards “Asia Production Style” , one is in a broad sense, the other, in a narrow sense. Identifying the suitable historical orientation of “Asia Production Style” in eastern society would help us better understand regularity and particularity of that society＇s （especially ancient China） historical development preceding capitalism period, thus, further understand inevitability and reasonability of current socialist road with Chinese characteristics.