刘渊宗汉立国的历史评价

Historical Appraisal on Liu Yuan's Recognition of Han Dynasty Rulers as Both His Ancestors and the Foundation of His State

在北方民族大融合的十六国时期,刘渊的宗汉立国无疑发挥了独特的历史作用。刘渊同故汉宗室攀援舅甥关系、兄弟关系的血缘认同,有利于突破夷夏之防中“非我族类,其心必异”的民族隔离主义藩篱,缓和胡汉矛盾和促进民族融合,它不仅直接引发了十六国政权宗黄祖炎的民族寻根现象,同时也为后世的民族构和,提供了宗法方面的范例和借鉴;刘渊所打出的“绍修三祖之业”的开国旗号,切合儒家存亡续绝的文化传统和晋末各族人民思念汉代承平岁月的社会心理,它不仅有助于标榜新朝王者之师的政治名分,同时也开创了十六国政权托古反晋之先声;刘渊所提出的帝王无常、华夷无别、“惟德所授”的政治观点,涵蕴古代汉人视野莫及的理论贡献,它不仅为后来的诸胡族政权驰骋中国政治舞台提供了思想武器,同时也对抑制十六国时期的暴政,产生了积极的影响。

During the Sixteen-country Period which featured the merging of all nationalities in northern China, Liu Yuan＇s recognition of Han dynasty rulers as both his ancestors and the foundation of his state, without any doubt, played a particular role in the historical period of his time. Liu＇s way of doing things in the above-mentioned, in certain degree, helped break away the ideology of ＂different nationalities having different hearts＂ of his time, ease the great tensions existing between the Han majority and northern nomadic minorities and promote the merging together of different nationalities in northern China, which not only initiated the rulers of the sixteen nations＇ trying to seek roots from the former Han nationality rulers as their forefathers, but, at the same time, offered an example and reference of the patriarchal clan system for the later age. Liu Yuan＇s ＂inheriting the causes of the ancestors＂, a slogan to build up his kingdom, suited the Confucianists＇ consciousness of continuing their unique cultural traditions and people＇s social psychology of missing the peace and prosperity of the former Han dynasty in the late Jin dynasty period, which not only was beneficial to the new rulers＇ righteous claim of their political status but also marked the rulers＇ propaganda campaign of ＂seeking the ancient righteous roots of former Han rulers against the Jin dynasty rulers＂. Liu＇s political view of ＂no eternal emperors, equality between Han nationality and other minorities and only righteous rulers having the rights to rule＂ greatly contributed to the theoretical dedication which broke through the limit of ancient Han rulers＇ vision and insight, which not only provided the ideological weapons for the nomadic minority regimes＇ rule in China＇s political platform of later times hut also exerted a positive influence on hindering the occurrence of tvrannv regimes in China＇s Sixteen-country Period.