孙中山与同盟会散论

On Sun Yat-sen and The Alliance Association

1905年8月在日本东京成立的中国同盟会是清末唯一领袖群伦的资产阶级革命政党。它的政纲涵盖了当时其他所有革命政团和秘密社会的宗旨,因此,有着广泛的社会基础。它按西方三权分立的原则建立的组织斗争系统也较其他任何团体严密,因而使它能领导和发动辛亥革命,并取得胜利。孙中山是同盟会的领袖,他的理想是要把中国建成一个与西方欧美列强“媲美”的资本主义国家。他具有渊博的学识,远大的目光,专一不挠的革命斗争精神和宽宏大度的胸怀。但他的三民主义并不为其他领导成员如章太炎、黄兴、宋教仁等所接受,以致在同盟会内无法形成以孙中山为首的坚强领导核心。知识分子自以为是和不愿接受纪律约束的作风和一部分成员的小农意识,往往不顾大局,而流于意气之争,这些都加剧了同盟会的涣散。随着革命胜利的临近,许多成员争权夺利,腐化坠落,远离民众,加速了同盟会的蜕变。1912年3月,同盟会活动由秘密变为公开后,同盟会最终成为一般的政团,日益丧失当年所具有的革命进取精神。

Sun Yat-sen was the leader of the Alliance Association. His ideal was to build China into a capitalist country as strong as the western powers. He was learned, far-sighted and indomitable. But the Three People＇s Principles was not accepted by other leaders of the Association, which made it impossible to form a solid leadership center with Sun Yat-sen as the head within the Alliance Association. The intellectuals＇ opinionatedness and their reluctance to be disciplined aggravated the laxity of the Association. With the victory of the revolution drawing near, many members contended for power and profit and got alienated from the masses, which accelerated the transmutation of the Association. In March of 1912, the covert activities of the Association became overt, and the Association finally turned into an ordinary political group, gradually losing the revolutionary progressiveness it once possessed.