当代文艺学研究趋向与“语言学转向”的关系

Two Trends of Contemporary Literary Theory Study and Two Deep Changes of the Linguistic Turn

当代文艺学研究呈现出“向内转”和“向外拓”两种基本趋向,这两种趋向与20世纪西方“语言学转向”的两大变革有着深刻的关系。“语言学转向”的第一个变革是从“自然语言观”到“符号任意性”的转移,第二变革是从“逻辑语言观”到“审美语言观”的变换。前者导致“诗学”与“语言学”的结合,后者导致“文学理论”与“文化理论”的相互渗透;前者把文学研究转向文学文本内部,后者把文学研究拓展为文化研究。如何在批判清理的基础上寻求语言研究和文化研究在文艺学研究中的有效结合,在当前显得十分突出。

Contemporary literary theory study presents two basic trends of ＂entad turn＂ and ＂extendable turn＂. These two trends have deep connection with the linguistic turn of western philosophy in the 20th century that caused two profound changes of language concept. The first change was from the natural language notion to arbitrariness of the sign, and the second one was from the logical language notion to the aesthetic one. The former caused combination of the poetics and the linguistics, and the latter caused intercross of the literary theory and the cultural theory. These two trends are also enlightening for the contemporary literary study. There are sill some limits in them when they were separated. We should seek the valid combination of the linguistic study and the cultural study by reflecting on the two trends deeply.