论方言岛的形成和消亡——以吴徽语区为例

The Birth and Death of Dialect Islands——Taking Wu(吴) and Hu(徽) Dialects as an Example

本文在对吴徽语区内的方言岛的调查研究的基础上,讨论方言岛的形成和消亡问题。文章指出方言岛的形成有三种方式:填水成岛、蓄水成岛、隆起成岛,并讨论了移民与方言岛形成的关系。论文考察了方言岛的生态环境,发现地形复杂、交通不便、经济文化落后、区内方言悬殊的地区是适于方言岛生存的土壤,最后指出方言岛的消亡有两种方式:渐变式消亡(“融岛”)和突变式消亡(“淹岛”,即语言转用)。

This article deals with the birth and death of dialect islands, based on the surTey and research of the dialect islands in Wu（吴） and Hui（徽） dialects. It points out that dialect islands come into being in three ways： reclamation, submerging, and upheaval. Then the relationship between migration and dialect islands is discussed. The article also observes the environment of the dialect islands and finds out that they are more likely to be seen in areas with complex landforms, poor transportation facilities, a bad economy and several dramatically different dialects. At last, it puts forward that dialect islands die in two ways： gradual death （language mixture） and sudden death （language shift）.