甲骨文“不”和“弗”语义指向方面的异同

On Similarities and Differences between Bu(不) and Fu(弗) in Semantic Directions on Oracle Bone Inscriptions

甲骨文中的“不”和“弗”在语义指向方面有同有异。“不”可指向谓语动词,否定整个命题,也可以否定某些成分,而“弗”只否定整个命题;“不”可后指,也可以前指,而“弗”只能后指;“不”可近指,也可以远指,而“弗”只能近指;“不”可指向多种性质的成分,而“弗”只能指向动词性成分;“弗”对被指向的成分有特殊要求,即主动态的二价或三价动词,而“不”无此限制。

This article holds that Bu（不） and Fu（弗） in oracle bone inscriptions have both similarities and differences in semantic directions. Bu（不） can direct to predictive verb to negate the entire proposition or some components, while Fu（弗） only negates the entire proposition. Bu（不） refers both forward and backward while Fu（弗） backward only. Bu（不） refers near and far while Fu（弗） near only. Bu（不） can refer to components of various characters while Fu（弗） only refers to verbal ones. Fu（弗） has special requirements on components referred to, that is active bivalent or trivalent verbs while Bu（不） has no such limitations.