鹦鹉热肺炎的影像学表现

The chest radiological manifestation in psittacosis

目的总结鹦鹉热肺炎的临床及影像特点。方法回顾性分析同一家庭同时发病的3例鹦鹉热肺炎的临床表现、X线、CT特点并复习相关文献。结果3例患者均有患病鹦鹉接触史。X线胸片表现为肺内不同程度的浸润斑片影,自肺门向外放射,呈扇形,或呈胸膜下楔形斑片影,密度不均;较严重者可累及整个肺叶;高分辨率CT显示部分病变区呈实变结节与磨玻璃样变;患侧胸膜受累,有少量胸腔积液。病灶皆单发。3例经红霉素治疗全部有效。2例随访4年,无复发,无肺间质纤维化。结论鹦鹉热肺炎临床及影像虽特异性较差,但有特点,结合接触史、实验室检查可确诊,红霉素等疗效确切。

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and imaging features of psittacosis. Methods The clinical features and imaging appearances of 3 cases with acute psittacosis were retrospectively analyzed. The related literature was reviewed. Results The clinical manifestation of psittacosis was high fever in the patients. Physical findings included pulse-temperature dissociation, localized lung crackles, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Laboratory findings showed elevation of ESR in all cases, and liver dysfunction was present in 2 cases. The counts of white blood cells were normal, but the percent of neutrophils might be increased. The chest X-ray and CT scan showed air-space consolidation and ground-glass attenuation in the lung, and miliary, nodular, or consolidated shadows were found in pathological areas. Pleural effusions were also present in 2 cases. Psittacosis was diagnosed from the history of exposure to infected parrots and elevation of the IgG and IgM titer for Chlamydia psittaci. Erythromycin was effective in all 3 patients. Conclusion Although the appearance of psittacosis on clinical findings and chest X-ray and CT scan is not characteristic, psittacosis can be diagnosed with the combination of the history of exposure to infected parrots and laboratory findings. CT scan can reveal the focus earlier and accurately, and catching the imaging features of psittacosis is helpful in differential diagnosis.