超富集植物蜈蚣草在中国的地理分布及其生境特征

Geographical distribution and characteristics of habitat of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.in China

根据本研究小组多年来对我国南部近20个省、市(区)的调查,结合前人的文献资料,编制了蜈蚣草在中国的分布图,总结了蜈蚣草对日照、水分、热量和土壤等因素的生态适宜性。研究发现,蜈蚣草在中国主要分布在秦岭以南的热带、亚热带地区。蜈蚣草生长需要的水热条件为:年均温高于10℃、1月均温大于0℃、7月均温大于20℃、≥10℃积温超过3800℃、无霜期不短于200天和年降水量大于500 mm。冬季的低温(1月均温和无霜期)可能是蜈蚣草进一步向高纬度分布的主要限制性因素。蜈蚣草对土壤pH的适应范围较宽。本研究结果为蜈蚣草的引种及其在植物修复中的潜在应用价值的确定提供了科学依据。

According to 6-year investigations in the south of China and available recordation, the geographical distribution maps of P. vittata in China were compiled,and the ecological adaptabilities of P. vittata, including sunlight, thermal condition, precipitation and soil pH, were summarized. It was found that P. vittata were distributed within the tropical and the subtropical regions south of Qinling Mountains. Mean annual temperature above 10 ℃, mean monthly temperature of January above 0 ℃, mean monthly temperature of July above 20℃, the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ more than 3800℃ ,annual frost-free periods more than 200 days and annual precipitation more than 500 mm are the ideal water and heat conditions needed for P. vittata growth. Among them, mean monthly temperature of January and annual frost-free periods seemed to be the main limiting factors that restricted distribution of P. vittata further up to the high latitude area. A wide range of soil pH was found within the distribution areas of P. vittata, indicated that it had little restriction to the distribution of P. vittata. It can be concluded that P. vittata could not only be used to phytoremediate arsenic contaminated soils within its natural distribution area, but also in the North China Plain north of its natural distribution area, with proper agricultural measure to ensure the underground part of P. vittata against low temperature and frost in winter. According to the distribution area and the habitat characters of P. vittata, it can also be concluded that P. vittata could be used for phytoremediation with little ecological risk.