海德格尔与尼采在艺术审美问题上的“争辩”及其当代启示

A Brief Account on Heidegger’s Debate with Nietzsche on Aesthetic Problem and Its Contemporary Significance

本文概要论述了海德格尔通过“争辩”的方式,在肯定尼采反对理性专制传统和现代社会“享乐艺术”的前提下,又针对后者的感性主义的片面性和不良后果,阐发了艺术审美的几个基本问题。具体说是,要从历史学而非心理学的角度看待艺术准备加以反拨的虚无主义,从而找到真正的克服途径;要以身心统一和超越主客体二分的高度把握审美状态,把“陶醉”领会为生命力的圆满;要将遵从艺术形式视为“强力意志”的力量与信心的体现,不允许感情或感官的恣肆破坏艺术形式,甚或冒充艺术。上述“争辩”对当下有关“日常生活审美化”的争论也有启示意义。

The paper gives a brief account on some basic problems ot art and aesmencs Martin Heidegger interpreted in approach of Debate with Nietzsche, who exposed the one-sidedness and adverse effects of Nietzsche＇s sensationalism while affirming his positive pose opposite to the dominant rational tradition and the pleasure-seeking art of the modern society. In details, Heidegger held not psychological but historical methods to deal with nihilism art prepare to overcome and believed it is the only trustworthy way. He regarded intoxication as a fullness of life and grasped the aesthetic situation in the unity of body and mind as well as the transcendence of dualism of subjectivity and objectivity. He did not allow the spilling over sense destroys art form or pretends to be it and praised following art form as the expression of the power-will. Finally the paper points out the lightness of the above-mentioned Debate to the contemporary discussion of the aestheticization of everyday life.