国策与国运——析汉武帝身后的政治走向

State Policy and National Fate——An Analysis of Political Tendency after Han Wu-ti's Death

汉武帝逝世后,西汉政治进入一个十分微妙的新阶段。原因在于,汉武帝的统治既造就了赫赫功业,同时也导致了社会危机的潜流汹涌。作为汉武帝事业的继承者,如何调整国策,克服危机,乃是其所面临执政上的重大考验。不同于贤良文学对武帝功业的全盘否定,也区别于桑弘羊等人对武帝路线的一味肯定,霍光等主流派以杰出的政治智慧,适时对武帝后期弊政进行必要扬弃,从而为西汉中叶的政治发展方向作出理性的战略抉择,开创了“昭宣中兴”的历史新局面。

The political development of the Western Han Dynasty got into a subtle stage after Han Wu-ti＇s death because his reign gained brilliant achievements as well as resulted in incubated social crisis. How to adjust the state policy to overcome the crisis was a major trial presented to the successor of Han Wu-ti. Different from the Confucius scholars＇total and uncritical negation of Wu-ti＇s achievements and also not alike Sang Hongyang＇s blind approval of Wu-ti＇s policy, the majority headed by Huo Guang, with their outstanding political wisdom, gave timely and necessary amendment to the wrong measures of Wu-ti in his later years,thus made a rational strategic decision which successfully promoted the political development of the middle Western Han Dynasty and initiate the new historical phase of “Restoration Prosperity during the Zhao-ti and Xuan-ti period”.