论现代法治视野中的民事举证责任

On Burden of Proof in Modern Rule of Law

“举证责任”这一术语实际上包含了两个不同的概念:行为举证责任和结果举证责任,两者既相互关联又相互区别。“谁主张谁证明”作为举证责任分配的一般规则有其合理性,但是在特殊情形中须实行举证责任倒置,并且在出现法律漏洞时往往需要法官自由裁量举证责任的分配。

From modern rule of law, this thesis explains and discuses the meanings of burden of proof in civil litigation and rational relations between the burden of producing evidence and the burden of persuasion. “He who asserts must prove”is rational as the general rule of assignation of burden of proof, but burden of proof must shift in accordance with special factors, and judges must assign burden of proof at their discretion because of law loopholes, etc..