政府生产性支出对产出-资本比的影响——基于中国经验的研究

The Effects of Government Productive Expenditure on the Rate of Output to Capital

在国际学术界,尽管有许多经济学家在宏观经济模型框架下研究政府支出对经济增长的影响,但是很少有人从理论和实证角度研究政府支出对产出-资本比的影响,而产出-资本比的提高对发展中国家经济增长至关重要。本文利用政府提供公共物品生产函数,分析政府生产性支出的增加对税前和税后产出-资本比的影响,认为存在着一个能使产出-资本比最大化的最优政府生产性支出规模。在此基础上,本文进行的实证研究结果表明:(1)在我国国家财政生产性支出中,财政基本建设支出与产出-资本比弱正相关,而教育支出和科学研究支出与产出-资本比强正相关;(2)在我国地方财政生产性支出中,财政基本建设支出和产出-资本比弱负相关,财政教育支出和产出-资本比强正相关,而财政科学研究支出与税后产出-资本比强负相关。

This paper uses the functions of government expenditure-the functions of governments supply pure public goods to analyze the effects of government productive expenditure on the before-tax and after-tax rate of output to capital. Our analysis suggests that there is an optimal government productive expenditure scale that it can make the rate of output to capital reach maximal level. By empirically analyzing the influences of national fiscal productive expenditure on the rate of output to capital, we find that the relationship between national fiscal expenditure for capital construction and the rate of output to capital is weakly positive, but the relationship between fiscal expenditure for science or education and the rate of output to capital is strongly positive in China. However, by empirically analyzing the influences of local government fiscal productive expenditure on the rate of output to capital, we find that the relationship between fiscal expenditure for capital construction and the rate of output to capital is weakly negative, and the relationship between fiscal expenditure for education and the rate of output to capital is strongly positive, but the relationship between fiscal expenditure for science and the after-tax rate of output to capital is strongly negative.