对中国“知识失业”成因的一个解释

An Explanation for “Educated Unemployment” in China

许多国家的经验表明,在教育快速发展的过程中往往伴随着“知识失业”。近年来,我国在经历教育快速发展的同时,也开始面临这样的问题。本文以扩展的工作搜寻模型为框架,分析了当前“知识失业”产生的原因。根据分析结果,现阶段出现的“知识失业”,在很大程度上是由劳动力市场的制度性分割引起的,因此应该逐步消除劳动力市场的制度性分割,鼓励大学毕业生到西部和农村等次要劳动力市场上就业,在确定高等教育的发展规模时要适当考虑劳动力市场的发育状况。

The experience of many countries shows that “educated unemployment”often emerges in the course of education＇s fast development. In recent years, this issue begins to appear in China. This article explores the reason of “educated unemployment”on the basis of extended job-search model. According to our results, to a great extent, “educated unemployment”in China is caused by the institutional segmentation in the labor market. So it is necessary to clear up institutional segmentation in the labor market stage by stage, encourage graduates to obtain employment in secondary labor market such as rural and western areas, take the development of labor market into consideration when making the development plan of high education.