大豆产量与若干经济性状的遗传相关与选择

Genetic Correlation and Selection of Soybean Yield and Some Economic Characters

试验以6个熟期和结荚习性不同的陕西省大豆品种(系)为试材,研究了大豆产量和其它5个重要经济性状的遗传力．遗传相关和选择指数。结果发现,在考察的6个经济性状中,以单株荚数和单株粒数变异最大,遗传力也较高,可以获得较为理想的选择效果;小区产量和主茎节数有显著的遗传相关．包含主茎节数在内的性状组成的选择指数都有很好的选择效果,以主茎节数和百粒重组成的选择指数,其选择效率可达到直接选择的226％,因此对产量进行间接选择有很好的选择效果,在田间选择时应重点选择主茎节数多,籽粒中等偏小的品种。

The experiment has studied on heritability, genetic correlation and selection index of soybean yield and other 5 important economic characters with 6 shaanxi soybean cultivar （line） which have different maturity date and podding character. The results show that the variation of pods per plant and seeds per plant is the most, and the heritability of these 2 characters have also higher, therefore they can get an ideal selection effect; yield per plant has significant genetic correlation with number of stem node. All the selection indexes including the character of stem node number have good selection effect, and the selection index consisted of stem node number and 100-seed weight get 226% selection effect compared with directly select. We should select cultivar （line）, which has more stem node number and middle or somewhat small seeds.