大花香石竹多倍体育种研究

Polyploid Breeding Studying of Standard Carnation (Dianthus earyophyttus L.)

对102个大花香石竹品种的染色体倍性进行鉴定,二倍体、三倍体和四倍体品种分别占77％、6％和17％,当前生产上的主栽品种马斯特、达拉斯和卡曼(具有大花苞性状)都是二倍体品种,71％的四倍体品种为花边复色类型。初步认为部分香石竹四倍体栽培品种是远缘杂交的后代。通过用秋水仙碱处理香石竹品种马斯特的试管苗,获得两株四倍体植株,其花蕾直径增大,而节间变短。

The ploidy identification of 102 standard carnation cultivars was conducted. The results indicated that the percentage of the diploids, triploids and tetraploids were 77%, 6% and 17%, respectively. Some major cultivars with big flower bud, for example, Master, Dallas and Charmant were diploids and the types of flower color of 71% tetraploid cultivars were bicolor of picotee. Some tetraploid carnation culticars may be the offspring of interspecific hybridization. Tow tetraploid plants were induced by treating the tissue culture plants of the carnation cv. Master with 0.05% colehicines. These plants had bigger buds and shorter stems than the plants of the origin.