硅与植物抗逆性研究进展

Progress of Silicon Improving Plant Resistance to Stress

硅是地壳中含量最丰富的元素之一,同时也是对植物生长发育具有有益作用的元素。硅能使植物细胞壁加厚,提高体内几丁质酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,增强植物对病虫害如稻瘟病、叶斑病、茎腐病、白叶枯病、小麦白粉病、锈病、麦蝇、棉铃虫、果蔬红粉病等的抵抗能力;硅通过维持植物细胞内部离子平衡、稳定细胞和细胞器的正常结构来防止盐害:硅通过促进植物生长、局部化和钝化重金属离子,缓解重金属对植物的毒害;硅还通过提高植物叶片表面紫外吸收物质含量,形成屏障来阻止紫外线对植物内部结构的伤害:此外硅还能够调节气孔开闭,降低蒸腾作用,从而避免干旱胁迫;硅能在高温胁迫时降低叶片温度,提高植物抗热能力。

Silicon is one of the most abundant elements m the earth＇s crust, which oenents runcuon to plant growth. By thickening the plant cell wall and enhancing the activeness of chitinase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, silicon enhances the plant to resist diseases and pests like rice blast, leaf spot, stalk rot, rice leaf blight, wheat powdery mildew, yellow rust, Magetioladesturctor, cotton boll worm and pink mold rot and so on. By maintaining the ion balance in the cell and the structure of the cell and the organdie, silicon prevents salt from damaging the plant. By promoting the plant growth, localizing and deactivating the heavy metal ions, silicon alleviates the poisoning of heavy metal to plants. Besides, silicon increases the ultraviolet absorption compound content on the plant leaf blade, forming a barrier to prevent the ultraviolet ray to injure the plant. Silicon can also adjust the stomata behavior and reduces the transpiration, thus avoids water stress. Besides, silicon can reduce the degree of the leaf blade during the high temperature to resist the heat injury.