黄土高原果业发展对区域环境的影响与对策

Effects of Apple Orchard Development on Ecological Environment in the Loess Plateau

黄土高原地区由于适合果树生长的自然环境优越,果业发展迅速,特别是苹果产业的发展．这很大地促进了该区经济发展。但是果园的迅速发展对生态环境的影响还未被重视．果园的高投入与高产出经营方式,加剧了该区水分供应与需要的矛盾,可能造成土壤水分的过渡消耗而形成生物利用型土壤干层。大量的肥料投入果园,导致氮素可能以硝态氮形式在土壤中大量累积,同时深层水分过度消耗．产量受控于降水。农药与化肥的使用可能造成土壤重金属污染与农药残留;未来应加强果园水分循环及氮素平衡方面的研究,控制农药的使用,实现黄土区果业的健康稳定发展。

The apple orchard development was very fast because the natural environment was suited to apple growing in the Loess Plateau, which promotes the regional economic development and enhanced earning of farmers. However, Effects of apple orchard development on ecological environment is not being pay attention. Inconsistency of water provide and requirement was picked up by intensive input and high output of apple management and it is possibly to consume excessively soil water and lead to soil desiccation which make against the apple orchard. On the other hand, Application of lots of nitrogen fertilizers led to nitrate accumulation in soil profile. Pesticide and fertilizers application might lead to heavy metal and pesticide pollution. Studies of water cycle and nitrogen balance should be intensified in the future to instruct apple industry development continually.