从人治向法治的过渡——从17世纪革命看英国的政治现代化问题

From the Rule by People to the Rule by Law

17世纪英国革命是英国由人治走向法治的转折点。作为率先走上现代化国家之路的英国,在法治方面同样走在了世界各国的前列。在17世纪革命以前,国王享有至高无上的权力,经过英国革命一系列人权法案的颁布尤其是“光荣革命”中《权力法案》的建立,彻底改变了英国社会的人治状态而走上法治化道路。研究英国由人治走向法治的历史,对于建立法治化国家具有重要的现实意义。

The 17th century British revolution is a turning point in the development of Britain from the rule by people to the rule by law. As the first country to the modernization, Britain is also the first country to the rule by law. Before the 17th century, the king has the sovereign right. But a series of laws in the period of revolution especially the Bill of Right, completely change the situation, which make the people ruled by law. Studying the history of Britain from the rule by people to the rule by law is very important and realistic to the country which is establishing the rule by law.