试论儒家仁学天人和谐之环境伦理思想

Trial Remark on the Environment Logic Thought about the Benevolence of the Harmony Between Heaven and Man Held by Confucianists

儒家天人相和仁学思想有着不同于西方的独特的环境伦理价值观念与思想体系,儒家强调万物一体、主客统一,天地自然更具根本性;以生释仁,强调珍惜生命、珍爱万物,是“替天行道”的道德至善;提出“民胞物与”“人者,天地之心”,既强调人与自然不可分割又凸显人的主体性、能动性,人当尽天赋本心,尽关爱保护自然的道德义务,以体现人贵于自然万物,实现以人为本、爱物与爱人的统一,实现仁,达到人的道德完善。儒家天人和谐仁学思想在生态环境伦理观上的独特认识,可为我们突破并超越西方人类中心主义与非人类中心主义的不同认识,为今天解决生态危机、促进环境保护和可持续发展,提供宝贵的传统思想资源。

The Confucian humanity theory contains the unique concept of values and systems of thought on environmental ethics different from that held by Western people. Confucianism emphasized ＇ the integration of all things, the unity of subjective and objective, naturally the Heaven and the earth have still more natural character. Explaining benevolence with living and emphasizing valuing lives and loving all things are the basic morality of ＇carrying out principles for the Heaven＇. The propositions of ＇people should love one another as brothers＇ and ＇man is the heart of the Heaven＇ they put forward emphasize the integration of man and nature as well as specially show man＇s subjective nature and activity, and man should do his best to bear the duty given by the Heaven and carry out the duty to protect nature, so as to embody that man is more valuable than all things and realize the unity for loving man and things with man as the foundation, and realize benevolence and the perfection of man＇s morality. The unique understanding of the benevolent thought of the harmony between the Heaven and man in environmental logical sense hem by Confucianists may help us to break through and surpass the various understandings of the human central theory and nonhuman central held by Western people and give us valuable thought resources for solving the present ecological crisis and promoting the durable development of environmental protection.