中国元明时期交食推步的比较研究

THE COMPARING RESEARCH ON THE CALCULATING METHODS OF ECLIPSES IN THE PERIODS OF YUAN AND MING DYNASTIES

中国元、明两朝凡三百六十余年，历法唯《授时》、《大统》。本文指出两历气朔和交食之推步差异以及根据历术术文给出推步法与是时历官所用算法之差异；同时取历官实用算法就元“授时历议”和明“历法沿革”中的交食记录进行了复核；在此基础上对正史所载的３１次古日全（环）食记录（ＢＣ７０９—ＡＤ１２９２）的古今推步结果进行了分析、比较。

The whole ages of Yuan and Ming dynasties of ancient China lasted over 360 years. At those timesthe calaendars adopted were Shoushi (epoch AD 1281, Yuan dynasty) and Datong (almost the same fundamental constants and calculating methods as Shoushi, epoch AD 1304, Ming dynasty). This paper points outthe calculating differences of the solar terms, the new (full) moon and eclipses between two calendars; andthe calculating differences between the historical records of these calendars and practical methods by the astronomers. At the same time, acceding to the practical methods, this paper checks the eclipses records of thethesiss of both discussions of Shoushi Calendar and evolution of calendars. At last this paper gives out the calculating results of 31 total (annular) solar eclipse records (BC 709 to AD 1292) in Chinese ancient annals,compares the ancient methods of Shoushi,Datong with the contemporary method of Hermann Mucke andJean Meeus, and analyses them.