印巴分治原因探析

A CAUSE ANAYSIS OF THE PARTTION OF INDIA

很多学者认为,印巴分治悲剧是英国政府一手造成的。如果从英国传统的“分而治之”政策对印度后来种族关系发展的影响来看,这一结论不无道理。但是,如果具体地考察战后英国和印度的局势、英国的利益要求、艾德礼政府对印度问题的态度及其为维护印度统一所作的努力、和平解决印度问题的可能性,人们就会发现,艾德礼政府并无分裂印度的主观动机,相反,印巴分治是国大党和穆斯林领袖为了党派和个人利益而置民族或国家利益于不顾造成的。印巴分治在很大程度上是印度政治领袖的选择。

Many Chinese scholars argue that it was the British government that led the tragic partition of India. This conclusion is reasonable in a sense that the traditional policy of “Divide and Rule” pursued by the British government had affected the development of communal relations in India. But if we look specifically into the situation of the post-war Britain and India, the British demand of national benefit, the attitude of the Attlee government towards the Indian issue, and the opportunity of settling the Indian issue on the basis of unity, we will find out that the Atlee government did not have the motive to divide India. On the contrary, the partition of India was to a great extent the result of the actions taken by the Indian leaders who had put the factional and personal benefits above the national benefits.