城市生活垃圾压缩站环境污染研究

Environmental pollution at MSW compaction stations

通过对垃圾压缩站内生活垃圾进行采样分析、压实试验和环境污染检测,得出了城市生活垃圾压实密度和施加压力的关系曲线,确定了对垃圾压实的合适压力范围为0.1～0.2 MPa;垃圾压缩站环境污染严重,垃圾压缩污水量为10～50 kg/t,其中BOD5和COD平均分别超标111倍和486倍;环境噪音只有50 m以外才能达到居民区环境质量二级标准(60 dB(A))的噪音要求;产生的臭气在较低风速下一般扩散25 m时污染达到最大,NH3、H2S分别可以达到0.011、0.004 6 mg/m3,这个值占容许浓度的55%和46%.

In this work, the municipal solid wastes compressed at the compaction stations in Zibo city, Shangdong Province were sampled and the relationship between waste density and compression pressure was established. It is found that the optimum compression pressure is 0. 1 - 0. 2 MPa. Serious environmental pollution around MSW compressed stations were observed. Around 10-50 kg of leachate with high concentrations of pollutants may be generated for a ton of wastes compressed. Environmental noise was also serious and can meet the National Environmental Constraints Standard II （60 dB） at the site 50 m away from the stations. The odors can disperse over 25 m away from the stations where NH3 and H2S concentrations may reach to 0. 011 mg/m^3 and 0. 004 6 mg/m^3 respectively.