维吾尔、哈萨克及汉族染色体限制酶显带及DA／DAPI二重荧光染色研究

STUDIES ON RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES BANDING AND DA/DAPI FLOURESCENT STAINING IN NORMAL POPULATIONS OF UIGUR,KAZAK AND HAN NATIONALITIES

为了解人类染色体中含有高度重复ＤＮＡ的结构异染色质在我国几个民族人群中的分布，作者应用限制性内切酶显带及ＤＡ／ＤＡＰＩ二重荧光染色首次对维吾尔、哈萨克及汉族３０例个体染色体研究发现：（１）ＡｌｕⅠ消化使维吾尔、哈萨克族个体１１，１２号染色体着丝粒Ｃ－带区深染，汉族此两号染色体保持浅染；（２）ＤｄｅⅠ消化使维吾尔、汉族４号染色体为深染，哈萨克族中此号染色体为浅染。限制酶消化后染色差异提示上述几号染色体着丝粒区ＤＮＡ碱基组成有所不同，可用存在两种或两种以上不同结构组分的着丝粒及其在各民族的含量或分布不同来解释；（３）ＤＡ／ＤＡＰＩ二重荧光染色结合ＡｌｕⅠ、ＤｄｅⅠ、ＨａｅⅢ显带表明三民族在某些染色体（１、９、１６－Ｃ带区，１５ｐ、Ｙｑ）异染色质区ＤＮＡ组成是一致的。为人类遗传学的研究提供了资料。

Using the techniques of RE-banding and DA/DAPI banding,we studied the chromosomal heteromorphism of 30 normal individuals from among Uigur,Kazak and Han nationalities in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region.The results are:(1) In metaphase chromosomes treated with AluⅠ.the centromere regions of No.11,12 chromosomes are stained with Giemsa in Uigur and Kazak nationalities,but not in Han;(2) In metaphase chromosomes treated with DdeⅠ,the centromere regions of No.4 chromosomes are not stained with Giemsa in Kazak,but are stained in Uigur and Han,indicating that there is some difference in the DNA composition of the centromere region of these nationalities;(3) DA/DAPI flourescent staining and three RE-banding procedures(Alu Ⅰ,DdeⅠ,Hae Ⅲ) indicate the DNA compositions of chromosomal specific constitutive heterochromatins(No.1,9,16-C15p,Yq) are similar in all three nationalities.