中国古代黄河流域水权制度变迁(下)

Evolution of water right system of Yellow River basin in ancient China(Vol.2)

阐述明、清2朝水权制度,分析明、清2朝水权制度特点,讨论明、清2朝水权制度变迁的原因。提出当前制定水权制度应注意的问题,认为完备的用水制度是节水的关键;国家应采取各种措施,制定法律、法规,以弥补诱致性制度供给的不足,并且在制定水事法律、法规时,应考虑各方利益,减少执法的阻力;人民群众应参与用水制度的创新和实验;当市场或资源条件发生变化后,即要素相对价格发生变化后,应适时进行制度方面的改革;重视非正式制度的作用;继承我国古代比较成熟的法律制度、严格执法;制定水权制度除了考虑以上因素外,还要注意制度变迁的成本。

The water right system of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty as well as its characteristics and causes of evolution is put forward and discussed.The following suggestions are given as regards the formulation of water right system: perfect water utilization system is the key to water saving;the government should take all kinds of measures and formulate laws and rules so as to compensate the insufficiency of supply of cause system,and it should consider benefits of various parties;the public should participate in innovation and experiments of the water utilization system;reform of the system should be performed with the change of market or resources conditions;the perfect laws and rules in ancient China should be inherited;besides the above factors,cost for evolution of the system should also be considered.